土壤湿度对小麦矮腥黑穗病菌(TCK)冬孢子萌发的影响

Effects of soil moisture on germination of the teliospores of wheat dwarf bunt (Tilletia controversa Kühn)

通过土壤湿度对小麦矮腥黑穗病菌（Tilletia contronversa Kuhn，TCK）萌发率的影响试验研究表明，其冬孢子在土壤质量含水量为1％～28％（相对含水量3．57％～100％）范围内均可萌发，其适宜萌发的土壤质量含水量范围为10％～25％（相对含水量17．85％～89．3％），最佳土壤相对含水量范围在65％～75％之间；不同分离物在相同土壤湿度培养下，多数分离物冬孢子的萌发率之间差异不显著。根据分离菌Tt1和Tt2在不同土壤湿度下培养50d和60d的冬孢子萌发率，建立了TCK冬孢子萌发率与土壤相对含水量的关系模型，此结果为TCK的风险评估提供了基础数据。

The relationships between germination of the teliospores of Tilletia conroversa Ktihn （TCK） and soil moisture were studied and it was found that the teliospores of TCK could germinate when the soil mass moisture content reached between 1%-28% （relative moisture capacity 3. 75%-100%）. The suitable moisture for teliospore germination was between 10%-25% of mass moisture capacity or 17. 85% -89. 3% of relative moisture capacity. The optimal soil relative moisture capacity was between 65%-75%. There was no difference among most TCK isolates tested at the same suitable soil moisture. The models describing the rates of teliospore germination of TCK and soil relative moisture capacity were established based on the rates of teliospore germination from islolates Tt1 and Tt2 after 50 and 60 days＇ culture at different soil moistures. The results provided the fundamental data for risk assessment of TCK.