加拿大医疗风险监测预警机制的循证评价——整合全国卫生资源,建立病人安全体系

Evidence-Based Review on Medical Risk Management in Canada -To provide evidence for establishing a medical risk precaution and monitoring system in China

目的循证评价加拿大医疗风险监测预警机制的现状及其防范措施,为我国医疗风险监测预警机制的制定提供决策依据。方法根据本课题组统一制定的检索策略,检索国内外相关数据库和官方网站等,全面收集有关加拿大医疗风险管理、医疗差错和病人安全等方面的文献,并将文献分类分级统计和进行描述性分析。结果共纳入文献15篇,其中官方文献10篇(占2／3),有确切研究方法文献5篇(占1/3),主要涉及医疗风险管理和评估、医疗差错和病人安全等内容。加拿大于2001年成立国家病人安全指导委员会,提出要求整合全国卫生保健资源,建立病人安全系统,创建病人安全协会以改善病人安全的建议。依托医疗相关机构如医疗保健协会和卫生事业监督委员会等,通过建立和改善病人安全管理制度,收集和发布相关信息、制定具体措施、与医疗组织和机构进行沟通、交流,分享最佳病人安全医疗行为和模式,加强继续教育培训卫生专业人员,完善法律法规程序,增强公民医疗差错意识等途径在医疗风险防范、病人安全保障和医疗质量提高方面,取得了一定的成绩。结论加拿大医疗风险防范体系较为完善,所采取的措施及其成功经验,对我国整合全国有限的卫生资源、建立科学高效的病人安全系统、增强全民病人安全意识、降低医疗差错都具有重要借鉴意义。

Objective To provide evidence for establishing a medical risk precaution and monitoring system in China by evidence-based evaluation of the medical risk monitoring and precaution system in Canada, including the current situation and corresponding prevention measures. Method According to the unified search strategy made by our research group, we searched relevant databases and official or government websites. We included articles about medical risk management, medical error and patient safety in Canada. The included articles were classified and the quality was ranked. Results A total of 15 articles were included, among which l0 were official documents （about 2/3） and 5 described research methods （about 1/3）, mainly involving medical risk management or evaluation, medical error and patient safety. In 2002, Canada established its National Steering Committee on Patient Safety （NSCPS） and proposed the suggestions to integrate health care resources accross the country, build a patient safety system, and established the Canada Patient Safety Institution （CPSI） to improve patient safety. Canada revised the patient safety management system, collected and issued related information, strengthened doctor-patient communication, developed continuous education for medical staff, practiced the best medical behavior and model and improved lawsuit procedures. These activities have achieved great progress in practice. Conclusions What have been done in Canada will provide a guide for us to establish scientific patient safety system and promote public awareness of patient safety.