植物对高速公路建设过程中土壤侵蚀的影响

Effect of plant on controlling soil erosion in the process of expressway construction

以在建湖北沪蓉西高速公路(宜长段)为例,对不同混播类型、不同植物种以及不同植物盖度下的土壤侵蚀展开研究。研究结果显示:植被在高速公路建设中,对于减少弃土场坡面的土壤侵蚀量有很强的作用;不同植物混播类型对土壤侵蚀量的影响为:草灌混播类型对于减少土壤侵蚀量效果最好,草灌乔混播类型次之,草本混播类型最差,而且草灌混播类型中高羊茅+紫羊茅+木豆+山毛豆+猪屎豆和草灌乔混播类型中高羊茅+紫羊茅+马棘+胡枝子+桤木+刺槐这两个植物组合在研究路段适应能力强,效果比较好。其研究成果不仅可以直接服务于沪蓉西高速公路建设,还可以服务于环境条件类似的其他地区,进而推动高速公路生态建设水平,促进西部地区的可持续发展。

Taking constructing Hurongxi Expressway of Hubei Province as an example, the effect of different mixture sowing style, different plant species and different plant cover degree on soil erosion had been studied. Study show：Vegetation plays an important role in reducing soil erosion quantity of dumping ground in the process of expressway construction. In research expressway different kinds of mix-seeding vegetation showed a remarkableimpact on soil erosion ： Pattern of mix-seeding vegetation of grass, frutex and arbor had a best effect on reducing soil erosion and pattern of mix-seeding of grass and frutex took second place and pattern of mix-seeding of grass took the last. Besides different pattern of vegetable mix-seeding, plant species had a strong im- pact on soil erosion. Furthermore, the mix-seeding pattern of grass and frutex Testuca arundinacea ＋ Festuca rubra ＋ Cajanus fulvus DC. ＋ Tephrosia candida （Roxb.） DC. ＋ Crotalaria pallida Ait. had a best effect on reducing soil erosion. In the mix-seeding pattern of grass, frutex and arbor Testuca arundinacea ＋ Festuca rubra ＋ lndigofera pseudotinctoria Mats. ＋ Lespedeza ＋ Alnus ＋ Robinia pseudoacacia L. had a strong adaptability to research expressway and a better effect on reducing soil erosion. The research production not only contributes to Hurongxi expressway construction but also to the highway construction of other sites with similar environmentalcondition so as to raises level of expressway ecological construction and accelerate sustainable developmentof west region.