西安市生态足迹与生态安全的动态研究

Dynamics of Ecological Footprint and Ecological Safety in Xi'an

本文在生态足迹原理的基础上,提出生态压力指数、生态占用指数和生态经济协调指数3个概念,并将其作为生态安全评价的指标体系。利用该方法对西安市1978—2003年的生态足迹与生态安全进行了定量研究。结果表明西安市人均生态足迹由1978年的1.0517hm2逐年增加至2003年的1.4419 hm2,而实际人均生态承载力则波动在0.3182(0.2759—0.3539)hm2左右,人均生态赤字从1978年的0.712 hm2增至2003年的1.166 hm2。生态压力指数从1978年的1.38逐年增至2003年的4.21,同期的生态占用指数从0.47增至0.66,生态经济协调指数由0.34降低为0.16。说明西安市现有的发展模式是不可持续的,生态环境处于极不安全状态,社会经济发展与生态环境的协调性很差。

Based on the principle of ecological footprint, this research put forward three concepts which were ecological tension index, ecological occupancy index and ecological economic coordination index as indicators system of ecological safety assessment. The results showed that the ecological footprint per capita of Xi＇an gradually increased from 1. 0517 hm^2 in 1978 to 1. 4419 hm^2 in 2003. The ecological capacity per capita was between 0.2759 and 0.3539 hm^2. The ecological deficit per capita increased from 0.712 hm^2 in 1978 to 1. 166 hm^2 in 2003. The ecological tension index increased from 1.38 in 19178 to 4.21 in 2003. The ecological occupancy index increased from 0.47 to 0.66. The ecological economic coordination index declined from 0.34 to 0. 16. The results showed that the development model of Xi＇an was not sustainable, the ecological environment was at risk, the social economic development did not go with ecological environment.