胃肠道干细胞

Gastrointestinal Stem Cell

胃肠道是人体内各系统细胞更新频率最高的器官,其干细胞的增生分化也很旺盛。尽管胃肠道干细胞本身未分化成熟,其细胞表型无法确认而不利于鉴别,但随着一些干细胞标志物的发现及对细胞信号传导通路的不断了解,我们对胃肠道干细胞的调控机制的认识正在不断加深。胃肠道干细胞的基本特征:(1)胃肠道干细胞的数量、定位和组织起源;(2)胃肠道干细胞的主要功能,包括分化转化成胃肠道各成熟的细胞系及维持组织的动态平衡和稳定;(3)从其他组织的干细胞获得胃肠组织细胞系用以胃肠道疾病的治疗;(4)胃肠道组织癌变的基因变化及形态学观察。

The cells in gastrointestinal tract turnover rapidly, the stem cells of this tissue grows quikly too , Although these stem cells remain difficult to identify because of their immature, undifferentiated phenotype, the knowledge of the mechanisms regulating gastrointestinal stem cell function is evolving In this review, we＇ll discuss the fundamental properties of gastrointestinal stem cell via describe their number, location and origins, their primary function of deriving gastrointestinal cell lineages and maintaining tissue homeostasis, the acquisition of gastrointestinal cell lineages from adult stem cells of extraneous tissues and the consequences of this in a therapeutic context, and the genetic and morphological phenomena surrounding neoplastic transformation in the gastrointestinal tract.