油污土壤生物修复高效菌筛选鉴定

Screening and identification of effective microorganisms for oil-contaminated soil bioremediation

针对油污土壤生物修复技术特点,从不同污染程度土壤中分离和鉴定高效石油降解菌,并结合DGGE技术分析油污土壤中微生物种群动态,最终提出生物修复剂的配制方案.结果表明:石油污染土壤中存在主要的优势细菌包括微球菌属、节细菌属、芽孢杆菌属、产碱菌属、醋酸细菌属和黄杆菌属;优势真菌主要有黑曲霉、杂色曲霉、产黄青霉、常现青霉、绿色木霉、粉红头孢霉、出芽短梗霉和镰刀菌属;放线菌主要为链霉菌属.真菌菌株的降解活性高于细菌和放线菌,石油污染土壤的生物修复中真菌起着主要的降解作用.土壤性质影响微生物的生长,适量石油烃促进优势菌生长,过多石油烃则对优势菌有抑制作用.黑曲霉菌和镰刀菌适于轻度和中度油污土壤修复,出芽短梗霉适于重度油污土壤修复.油污土壤生物修复剂应包括石油降解优势菌剂、生物营养素、生物表面活性剂和土壤活化剂.

Based on the bioremediation characteristics of oil - contaminated soil, efficient oil - degrading bacteria from soils contaminated by oil at varied levels were screened and identified. DGGE was used to analyze the combination of bacteria in oil - contaminated soil. At last, research scheme of bioremediation reagent was suggested. The results showed that： main efficient oil - degrading bacteria include micrococcus, arthrobacter, bacillus, acaligenes , acetobacter flavobacterium ,aspergillus ,aspergillus versicolor ,penicillium chrysogenum ,penicillium freguentans westling , fusarium lk. cephaesosp orium oucl, tichoderrna viride and aureobasidium. Fungi were more efficient than bacilli in degrading oils and were the main function microorgaisms in bioremediation of oil - contaminated soil, Microorganisms＇ activities were affected by soil characteristics. Oil of proper level promoted the growth of efficient microorganisms while over level oil restrained the growth of microorganisms. It also suggested that Aspergillus, Fusarium Lk. were more efficient in bioremediation of light - or middle - level - contaminated soil, while Aureobasidium were more efficient for heavy contaminated soil. Bioremediation reagent was suggested to include efficient oil- degrading microorganisms, microbial nutriments, biosurfactant and soil activating reagents