清代伊犁地区人口迁移研究

Study on population migration of YiLi in Qing Dynasty

清初,伊犁地区人口稀少、边防空虚,清政府为了充实伊犁地区的防务力量,采取了人口迁移的方式,移民固边。移民的群体主要来自两个地方,一是南疆地区的维吾尔族民众,迁入伊犁河谷从事农业生产,是迁入的高峰时期乾隆年间到道光年间,迁入人口的总数在一万人以上。光绪年间,伊犁地区部分维吾尔移民被迫迁入俄罗斯;二是来自东北盛京地区的锡伯族,迁移人口为四千零三十人,迁入的主要目的是永久性的驻守边防,减少政府的军费开支。经过移民的建设,到新疆建省时,伊犁地区已经成为新疆的政治、军事中心。

At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the population is thin in YiLi Valley and the border defense is void, so Qing government adopted the population migration way in order to consolidated border defense. The immigration community mainly comes from two places： some of which are Uigur nationality whose lived in south part of Xin- Jiang. They crossed Tianshan Mountains and engaged in farm production in YiLi Valley. Form QianLong to DaoGuang Dynasty is the peak periods of Uigur nationality immigration, and the totality of immigration population more than 10,000 people. Another part of immigrant are Sibe nationality which from ShengJing area of northeast China. The totality of immigration population was 4,030 people. The aim of this policy mainly is to permanent guards the border defense and reduces the Government＇ s military expenditure. By the Xinjiang province established by Qing Dynasty, YiLi area has became the central of political and military of Xinjiang through the diligently construction by those immigration.