北京市成品油储备机制研究

Beijing's Refined-Oil Reserve Management

国际上有三种常见的应急石油储备模式,即政府储备、企业储备和机构储备。不同国家和地区根据其自身特点采取不同的石油储备模式。目前北京市成品油对外依存度高、政府调控能力弱、供应保障体系脆弱,受国际油价、国内供需、运输环节和突发事件等外部不确定因素的影响较大。鉴于此,对北京市建立成品油储备运行机制提出如下思路和建议:根据实际情况选择实施政府实物储存或政府主导的企业合作模式;建立成品油产业发展储备基金;建立节能和成品油替代机制;选择成品油储备“租让”合作机制作为短期应急储备模式;以成品油多元供应和竞标采购机制作为未来规划措施的备选。

There are 3 kinds of emergency oil reserves in the world, namely, government, enterprise and institutional reserves. Different countries or regions may adopt different reserve management methods according to their own characteristics. At present, Beijing's refined oil market, characterized by high import dependency, weak government control and a fragile supply system, is very sensitive to such uncertain external factors as the world price, domestic demand, transportation and emergencies. Therefore, the following refined oil reserve measures are suggested: 1) choose government storage or government-led enterprise storage depending on the circumstances; 2) establish a refined oil product reserve fund; 3) set up an energy conservation and refined oil substitution program; 4) use leasing cooperation to secure short-term emergency reserves; and 5) adopt multi-source supply and procurement-bidding as an alternative in planning.