分工视角:企业剩余权与国有企业效率

Division of Labor Angle of View:Enterprise Surplus Power and State-owned Enterprise Efficiency

企业是分工演进的一种重要后果,其实质上是一种劳动力市场的契约。企业的剩余权作为企业家活动的一种间接价格,将交易效率极低的企业家活动卷入分工,反过来极大地促进了分工和经济发展。企业家活动是企业效率的保证,企业家的剩余收益权又是企业家活动的保证。企业家剩余权得不到保护是国有企业效益低下的根本原因,而保护国有企业的企业家剩余收益权是提高国有企业效率的关键。为了保护国有企业的企业家剩余收益权,必须推进市场化进程,建立合理的激励机制,以及进行全面的社会制度改革。

The enterprise is one kind of important consequence of the divides evolution, its essence is one kind of labor market contract. As one kind of indirect price of the entrepreneur, enterprise＇s surplus power moves the transaction efficiency extremely lower entrepreneur involved in the division of labor, and in turn enormously promoted the division of labor and the economical development. The entrepreneur activity is the enterprise efficiency guarantee; and the entrepreneur＇s surplus usufruct also is the guarantee which the entrepreneur moves. The entrepreneur surplus power cannot obtain the protection is the reason of state- owned enterprise benefit low basic, but protecting the state-owned enterprise the entrepreneur surplus usufruct is the enhancement state-owned enterprise efficiency key. In order to protect the state-owned enterprises＇ entrepreneur surplus, we must firstly advance the market advancement; establish the reasonable drive mechanism, as well as carry, on the comprehensive social system reform.