农村民房的地震破坏特征与震害预测

Destructive Characteristics of Rural Buildings by Earthquakes and Seismic Damage Prediction

本文基于对中国西部和华北地区20世纪发生的21次历史地震的震害考察和10余次地震的现场震害调查资料的分析研究,总结归纳了农村木架房屋、墙体承重房屋、混合承重房屋、土坯拱窑、黄土崖窑、砖平房、多层砖混房在地震烈度为Ⅵ度、Ⅶ度、Ⅷ度、Ⅸ度、Ⅹ度时的震害表现,介绍了建筑物震害程度等级的划分与标准、破坏性地震在Ⅵ度—Ⅺ度区内各种结构类型农村民房破坏的烈度标志,给出了各种结构类型农村民房在地震烈度Ⅵ度—Ⅺ度情况下的震害预测结果,探讨了在造价增加不多的情况下,提高农村民房抗震能力的可行性。

Through the analyses of damage investigation for 21 historical earthquakes and data from on-the-spot investigation of 10 earthquakes occurred in the 20th century in the Western and North China, we concludes the seismic damage performance of rural buildings under seismic intensity Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ respectively. The types of these rural buildings include wooden frame, wall bearing, mixed bearing, adobe arc cave, loess cave, brick buildings and multilayer brick-concrete buildings. This paper introduces the standard for compartmentalizing earthquake-damage grade of building and destructive intensity symbols of each structure-type building under seismic intensity Ⅵ to Ⅺ, and gives result of earthquake damage estimation for each sta-ucture building under different seismic intensities. Finally it discusses the feasibility for improving anti-seismic capability of rural buildings in the case of project cost with no much increase.