沈阳市5375名3～6岁学龄前儿童乳牙龋病流行病学调查分析

An Epidemiological investigation of deciduous dental caries among 5375 preschool children aged between 3 to 6 years in Shenyang city

目的了解沈阳市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况,为龋病防治提供科学依据。方法按照第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对沈阳市53所幼儿园的5375名3～6岁学龄前儿童进行龋病检查,对患龋率和龋均等指标做调查统计,结果采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行分析,包括t检验、单因素方差分析和χ2检验。结果学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为71.29%和3.88,龋面均为5.56;随着年龄的增长,患龋率、龋均和龋面均逐渐增加,各年龄组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05);上颌牙患龋率显著高于下颌牙(P<0.01)。龋齿主要为浅龋,咬合面和邻面龋占绝大多数。龋齿充填构成比为10.82%,随着年龄的增长,龋齿充填构成比逐渐增加。结论沈阳市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率较高,充填率较低,应加强对学龄前儿童龋病的早期防治。

PURPOSE： To investigate the status of dental caries of deciduous teeth among preschool children in Shenyang city. METHODS： According to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization and The Second National Oral Health Investigation, the deciduous caries of 5375 preschool children aged from 3 to 6 years were clinically examined. The mean dmft and the prevalence of dental caries for each age group were calculated. The results were analyzed using SPSS11.0 software package for t test （to compare the difference between the two sample groups）, one way ANOVA （to compare the differences among three and more sample groups） and χ^2 test （to compare the rate of each group）. RESULTS： The prevalence of dental caries was 71.29%. The mean dmft score was 3.88. The prevalence of dental caries and mean dmft increased gradually as the children were growing up （P〈0.05）. Dental caries of the upper teeth was significantly more common than that of the lower teeth （P〈0.01）. Most caries were minor in degree of severity, and mostly lie in the occlusal and proximal surface. The filling rate was 10.82%. As the age increase, the filling rate increased,too. CONCLUSION： Deciduous dental caries of preschool children was an important problem in Shenyang city, and the filling rate was very low. Necessary methods for early prevention of dental caries must be taken into consideration. Supported by Scientific Research Fund for College and University from Liaoning Provincial Education Bureau （Grant No.20201316）.