解构主义翻译观视角下的“忠实”与“叛逆”

"Loyalty" and "Treason" from the Perspective of Deconstructionist Translation Studies

在中西翻译史上,自《圣经》和佛经翻译以来,忠实于原文一直被认为是译文的至高的、绝对的标准。传统语文学和结构主义语言学的翻译研究范式对翻译文化史上屡见不鲜的“不忠于原作”的行为一概加以贬斥,认为这样的译文无异于“背叛”了原作。而解构主义的翻译观从寻找文本间的意义对等中解脱出来,把研究视野放到文本以外的社会文化语境中,探索操控翻译的诸多文本之外的因素,从而能够解释这些看似“不忠”的行为背后的真正动机。

Since the translation of The Bible and the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures, loyalty to the original has been regarded as a supreme and absolute criterion for evaluation of the version. All the repeatedly occurring infidelity among the translators is labeled as an act of treason by critics in the philological and structural linguistics paradigms of translation studies. A deconstructionist perspective of translation studies, however, frees itself from the constraints of seeking equivalence of meaning between the original and the translated texts, and, by studying all the manipulating factors in the social -cultural contexts where these texts are read, offers valid explanations for the mains behind the seemingly unfaithful translational actions of the translators.