棕榈油制备生物柴油研究

Biodiesel Fuel Preparation for Plam Oil

通过利用浓硫酸作催化剂对酸值较高的棕榈油进行预酯化,采用正交实验的方法来研究预酯化的最优工艺条件,预酯化反应温度为70℃,反应时间为1.0 h,催化剂H2SO4的用量为1.0%(油重),棕榈油的酸值降到2.4 mg KOH/g油。预酯化后的棕榈油与甲醇在氢氧化钾作为催化剂进行酯交换反应得到脂肪酸甲酯,采用正交实验的方法来研究酯交换反应的最优工艺条件,酯交换反应温度为60℃,反应时间为10 h,催化剂KOH的用量为1.0%(油重),酯交换反应的转化率为95.89%,生物柴油总得率为95.6%。以棕榈油为原料制备的生物柴油,其主要性能符合柴油标准,但倾点较高,需与柴油馏分调合或加降凝剂以达到柴油标准。

The pretreatment of esterificafion to plam oil that had high acid value was carried out by using sulfuric acid as catalyst. Through orthogonal analysis,the optimum reaction conditions obtained for the esterification were set at temperature 70℃, reaction time 3 hours, ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to plam oil 1.0% （on plam oil mass ） and the acid value of plato oil was 2.4 mg KOH/g. The transesterification of the treated plam oil and methanol was carried out by using sodium hydroxide to produce fatty methyl ester. Through orthogonal analysis, the optimum reacting conditions obtained for the transesterification were set at temperature 60 ℃, reaction time 1 hours, and catalyst dosage 1.0 % （on plain oil mass ）. The conversion of tran sterification was 95.89 %, and the yield of biodiesel fuel was 95.6 %. The principal physicochemical properties of the biodiesel fuel from palm oil were similar to that of diesel fuel. But the pour point was higher. So the biodiesel fuel should be blended with diesel or added pour point depressants.