北京市郊区传统村落价值评价及可持续利用模式探讨——以北京市门头沟区传统村落的调查研究为例

The Discussion on Evaluation and Sustainable Development Models of Traditional Villages in Western Mountainous Area of Beijing——A Case Study of Traditional Villages in Mentougou District of Beijing

北京市西部门头沟区保留有许多传统村落,这些传统村落经过历史的积淀而具有典型的地域特征和深厚的文化底蕴,成为京西独特的景观旅游资源。在深入系统调查的基础上,结合悠久性、完整性、乡土性、协调性、典型性对传统村落的价值特征进行了综合评价,将传统村落划分为遗产性村落、特色性村落和保护性村落三种类型。在探讨传统村落可持续利用机制的基础上总结了传统村落可持续利用的6种模式。

The western mountainous area is an important ecological belt to Beijing City. The populations in this area and economic models existing are directing factors to influence and damage mountain landscape, ecology and environment. But with historical relations to Hebei Province and others regions, this area is a special belt of Beijing ancient culture system. One of the culture types is traditional villages. Many traditional villages have been reserved in the western area of Beijing especially in Mentougou District with local characteristics and historical cultural heritages. The traditional villages are the important and special landscape and tourism resources now. Based on the systematical investigations and combined with the longevity, integrality, locality, coordination and typicality, this paper calculated evaluation index（Etl^i 0 =∑i=1 j=1 Pi^eEtv^ij） by which evaluated the traditional villages and divided the traditional villages into three levels which are heritagesvillages （Etv^i ∈（4,6 ] ）, special villages （Etv^i ∈（ 1,4] ）and preserved villages （Etv^i∈（6,9 ] ）. According to this, the mechanisms of sustainable development must insist on conserving and exploitations with different levels and different types, substituting living there with visiting and tourism, and discovered and experienced the landscape cognation rhythm of traditional villages. Based on the mechanism research of traditional villages sustainable development, we do more discussions on six sustainable development models of traditional villages which are folkways and rural museum, natural and villages and cultureal tourism center, human and eco-system practice and education base, recreational belt and leisure town, and entertainment manor and time-share vocation base and rural sybject tourism development.