“文化大革命”初期的美国对华政策

American Policy toward China in the Initial Stage of the “Cultural Revolution”

约翰逊政府在中国“文化大革命”爆发前,事实上已完成了对华政策转变的准备工作,并进入到试探性的具体实施阶段。在“文化大革命”初期,由于“红卫兵”运动的冲击和极左思潮的影响,美国曾一度害怕中国内部的动乱会“影响”亚洲邻国。但从总体上看,约翰逊政府改善对华关系的试探性举措并没有大的改变。“文化大革命”初期,中国对美国表现出的改善两国关系的愿望也曾做出过积极表示。但由于两国长期彼此敌视,缺乏信任,加之两国国内政治、国际局势变化的影响,最终使这一时期的美国对华政策和中美两国关系仍未发生根本性变化。

Before the launch of Chinese Cultural Revolution, Johnson Administration had made ready to change US policy toward China with going on a fishing expedition. In the initial stage of Cultural Revolution, worried about that the China's domestic turmoil caused by Red Guard movement and ultra-left trend of thought will destabilize its Asian neighbors, the Johnson Administration made no marked changes in its relations with China, though China simultaneously made a positive pose to improve bilateral relations. Moreover, long-standing hostilities and the lack of mutual trust between the two countries, together with the impacts of the international variables as well as domestic politics in both countries, also held the US back from changing its policy toward China.