入口压力与冷气流率对涡流管制冷性能影响研究

Experimental Investigations Into the Influences of Inlet Pressure and Cold Air Fraction on the Refrigerating Performance of a Vortex Tube

考虑到切向入口压力与冷气流率两个特定因素对涡流管制冷性能的重要影响,通过系统的实验方法研究了涡流管制冷效应、单位制冷量和绝热效率随此二者因素的变化规律,并以实验数据为依据,给出相应的经验方程.结果表明:当冷气流率不变时,制冷效应、单位制冷量都随入口压力的增大而增大,而绝热效率几乎不受入口压力的影响;在入口压力不变的条件下,制冷效应、单位制冷量和绝热效率都随冷气流率的增大呈现先上升而后下降的趋势,在某一冷气流率下,制冷效应、单位制冷量和绝热效率最大,但是最大值所对应的冷气流率值却完全不同;对于本实验所用的涡流管,给出的经验方程能很好地与实验数据相关联.

Systematic experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of the tangential inlet pressure and the cold air fraction on the refrigerating performance parameters, such as the cooling effect, the specific refrigerating output and the adiabatic efficiency of a vortex tube. Empirical equations are presented based on the experimental data. The results show that, the cooling output and the specific refrigerating output both increase with the increase of the inlet pressure under the conditions of constant cold air fraction, whereas the adiabatic efficiency is almost unaffected. When the inlet pressure is constant, the cooling effect, the specific refrigerating effect and the adiabatic efficiency all gradually increase with the increase of the cold air fraction at an initial stage, reaching their maximum values corresponding to different cold air fractions, and then decrease gradually. For the vortex tube used in these experiments, the given empirical equations provide excellent correlativity with the experimental data.