苦瓜若干经济性状的遗传特点观察

Observation on few economic and inheritance characteristics of balsam pear

利用差异明显的6个高代自交系组配了7个杂交一代组合,观察杂交一代苦瓜的皮色、果形、瘤状、果长、果径等形态特征和主蔓第一雌花节位、雌花率等与双亲之间的关系。结果表明:正交或反交后,F1代苦瓜的皮色介于双亲之间或偏向于浅色,果形亦介于双亲之间;尖瘤与圆瘤的正反交,F1代苦瓜均出现尖瘤,表现为尖瘤显性遗传;杂交一代主蔓第一雌花节位多数介于双亲之间,少数比双亲低。主蔓35节内雌花率介于双亲之间,并有倾向低雌花率的趋势;长形果与短形果的正反交,F1代果实均出现长形果,表现为长形果显性遗传;果径和果肉的正反交,F1代果径和果肉几乎介于双亲之间,并有倾大值亲本的现象。

Using six high generation self-hybrid varieties with obvious differences to combine seven hybrid generation combinations. Relationship of agronomic characteristics of F1 hybrid generation such as the skin colour, turnout shape and the first female flower position of the main plant, female flower rate, fruit length, diameter, and their parents were observed. Results showed that no matter hybrid in positive or negative way, the skin colour of F1 balsam pear was mediated between their parents or trended to the light colour; The shape of F1 balsam pear was also between their parents; hybridization of tip turnout and round tumour in positive and negative way, F1 hybrid generation occured tip turnout, showed obvious tip tumour heredity; to F1 hybrid generation, the first female flower position of the main plant majority was mostly mediated between their parents, minority was lower than their parents; the female flower rate within thirty-five nodes of the main plant was between their parents, had a tendency to low female flower rate. hybridization of long shape and short shape fruits in positive and negative way, F1 hybrid generation are all long shape, showed obvious long shape pear heredity; hybrid ization of diameter and flesh in positive and negative way., the diameter and flesh of F1 hybrid generation are almost between the parents, and had tendency to the parents with large value.