关于社区地标景观感知和认同的研究

STUDY ON LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION AND COGNITION OF COMMUNITY LANDMARK

一个城市或地区通常有其标志性人工建筑物,它体现着这个城市或地区的魅力和特征。这样的人工建筑物被称为“地标”。本研究选择北京崇文区天坛街道的金鱼池小区的老舍作品群雕作为该小区的地标,从环境感知(如颜色、造型、体积、位置等)和心理认同的角度(功能、意义和情感等的认同)考察了居民对之的接受程度。调查统计显示,年龄、性别、职业、受教育程度、居住时间等因素影响个体对小区地标的环境感知和心理认同程度。社会心理学的理论和概念可以解释调查组间的差异是符合逻辑的,即年长者、在本地居住时间较长者、工人对地标的接受程度高于对比组;受教育水平低的是工人,他们对地标的接受度比对比组高;性别对地标的感知和认同差别不大。本论文的结论是老舍作品群雕是金鱼池小区的地标,这一文化景观是该小区地方性的表征要素,由于它反映了小区的历史文化,所以被人们接受。地方文化建设的基本单位是小区,加强和谐社区建设,需要社区认同。本研究的结论的应用意义是,社区认同需要有一个文化景观作为认同物,这个认同物可以是建筑,也可以是雕塑等不可移动的地上艺术作品。地标的明确可以促进社区的内在文化凝聚力。

The landmark of a city reflects the fascination of the city. In present case study, the sculptures of Laoshe＇s works, which locates at Jinyuchi Community in Chongwen District of Beijing, was chosen as the landmark of the community. A questionnaire was used to tell the difference between local residential groups on perception and cognition. The perceptive factors are color, shape, location, and size. The cognitive factors are function, symbolic meaning, and emotion relation. The statistics result shows that age, gender, occupation, education and inhabitation time affect on the perception and cognition of landmark. The acceptability for the landmark of the elderly, the people has a long inhabitation in the community; working class was significantly higher than that of the comparative groups. The lower education group is almost the working class there, so they highly identify the landmark. Less difference shows on gender. The conclusion of the paper implies the sculptures is right the landmark of the community. Being a cultural landscape, it is a token of the placeness of the community. It is the cultural meaning attached on the sculptures making people takes them as the landmark of the community. The conclusion comes out a suggestion to community＇s cultural construction. A harmonious community should have its identity. Landmark is the best one for residents to identify. A right landmark could enhance a close relation among the residents.