1Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1998. Role of insulin resis tance in human disease [J]. Diabetes, 37: 1595-1607.
2International Diabetes Federation.The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome [R].2005.
3World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2002 [R].Reducing risks, promoting health life.
4Carr DB, Utzschneider KM, Hull RL. Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Prosram Adult Treatment Panellll criteria for the metabolic syndrome [J]. Diabetes, 2004, 53:2087-2094.
5Lakka HM, Lakka TA, Tuomilchto J. Abdominal obesity is association with increased risk of acute coronary events in men [J]. European Health Journal, 2002,23: 706-713.
6Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Hull RL, et al. Impact of intra-abdominal fat and age on insulin sensitivity and β cell function [J] .Diabetes, 2004 (53) : 2867-2872.
7Nicklas BJ, Penninx BW, Cesari M, et al.Association of visceral adipose tissue with incident myocardial in farctton in older men and women: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study [J]. Am J Epidemiol,2004 (160):741-749.
8Candales A. Metabolic syndrome X: a comprehensive review of thepathophysiology and recommended therapy [J]. J Med, 2001 (32): 283-300.
9Grudy SM. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome [J]. American Journal of cardiology,1999, 83: 25-29.
10Sang WO, Yeong SY, Eon SL.Association between cigarette smoking and Metabolic Syndrome [J].Diabetes Care, 2005, 28 (8): 2064-2067.