模拟酸雨对北方小麦生长规律影响的研究

Effects of simulated acid rain on the growing rules of northern wheat

模拟北方地区自然降雨量，在小麦营养生长期和生殖生长期用pH为2．0，3．0，4．0，5．0（以6．0作为对照）的模拟酸雨喷淋小麦．研究表明：酸雨喷淋后，叶片出现可见伤斑的阈值是pH=3．0，小麦平均叶面积（cm^2）明显受到抑制，而小麦植株的含水率（质量比）对酸雨表现不敏感，保持在71．4％-85．0％之间；酸雨使小麦叶片的叶绿素含量（质量比）减少0．4％-37．1％，丙二醛含量（μmol／g）增加4．5％-49．3％，过氧化氢酶活性（mg·g^-1·min^-1）降低9．7％-94．4％，过氧化物酶活性初期增大0．1％-54．7％，处理后期受到抑制，活性降低8．6％-33．1％．模拟酸雨对小麦的影响随酸雨的氢离子浓度增大而愈显著，且与酸雨处理次数和处理量相关．

The wheat samples were sprayed during its vegetative and productive stages by simulated acid rain of northern China, whose pH values were 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 respectively. The results show that the visible blade injures threshold value is pH3.0 after the treatment of acid rain. The mean leaf area is suppressed evidently. The water content of wheat is not sensitive to acid rain in the range of 71.4% to 85.0%. The chlorophyll content reduces in the range of 0.4% to 37.1%, while the malondialdehyde content increases in the range of 4.5% to 49.3%. The catalase activity declines in the range of 9.7% to 94.4%, while the peroxidase activity increases in the range of 40.1% to 54.7 % at the first stage and is suppressed in the range of 8.6% to 33.1% at the end of the treatment. Effects of simulated acid rain on wheat increases more and more remarkable with the increase of hydrogen ion concentration, which is correlated with disposal times and doses.