维吾尔族血小板抗原1～5、15系统基因多态性分析

Analysis on the genetic polymorphism of human platelet antigen(HPA) 1～5 and 15 systems in Uighurs

目的：调查研究与血小板输注无效关系密切的人类血小板抗原（human platelet antigen，HPA）1～5及15系统基因在维吾尔族人群中的遗传多态性；分析民族差异，确定各系统临床意义，从而建立已知基因型血小板供者库。方法：采用聚合酶链一序列特异性引物技术（PCR—SSP）对153例无血缘关系的纯维吾尔族血样进行了HPA基因分型。结果：维吾尔族HPA-1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、15a基因频率分别是0．9118、0．8889、0．5458、0．9935、0．9216、0．4412，维吾尔族HPA-1b、2b、3b、4b、5b、15b基因频率分别是0．0882、0．1111、0．4542、0．0065、0．0784、0．5588，维吾尔族HPA基因频率与汉族人群相比，HPA-1a，1b、3a、3b、5a、5b基因频率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；与西藏藏族人群相比，HPA-3a、3b、5b基因频率差异具有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：维吾尔族人群中HPA1～5、15系统12个等位基因都可以检测到。在不同的个体中它们以纯合子或杂合子状态表达，但未检测到纯合子1b或纯合子4b型个体。HPA-1、2、3、4、5、15系统均具有多态性，其中HPA-3、15系统具有高度多态性，这使免疫暴露的机会增加。维吾尔族人群与汉族人群的HPA-1a、1b、3a、3b、5a、5b基因频率存在明显差异，与藏族人群的HPA-3a、3b、5b基因频率存在明显差异。

Objective： To investigate the genetic polymorphism of human platelet antigen （HPA）1 through 5 and 15 systems in Uighurs, which are closely related to refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy. To analyze the variance in different nationalities and determine their clinical significance for the purpose of establishing a typed platelet donor bank. Methods： PCR-SSP was used to HPA genotyping among 153 unrelated Uighur volunteer donors. Results： Gene frequencies for HPA-1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, and 15a were found to be 0.911 8,0.888 9,0. 545 8,0. 993 5 and 0.921 6,0. 441 2, respectively. Gene frequencies for HPA- 1b,2b,3b,4b,Sb,15b were 0. 088 2,0.111 1,0.454 2,0. 006 5,0. 078 4,0. 558 8, respectively. Compared with Han Chinese, the HPA-1a, 1b,3a,3b,Sa and 5b gene frequencies of Uighurs had significant differences （P d0.05）. Marked differences were also observed in the HPA- 3a, 3b and 5b gene frequencies between Tibets and Uighurs （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion： Among the Uighur population, we have detected 12 alleles of the （HPA）1 through 5 and 15 systems. In different individuals, they are expressed either as homozygote or heterozygote. However, HPA-1b and 4b alleles are not detected in the population. These results suggest high polymorphism in the HPA- 1-5 and 15 systems among Uighurs. Among them, HPA-3 and HPA-15 show a high polymorphism, increasing the incidence for immunological exposure. Compared with Han Chinese, the HPA-1a, lb, 3a,3b,Sa and 5b gene frequencies of Uighurs have significant differences. Marked differences were also observed in the HPA- 3a,3b and 5b gene frequencies between Tibets and Uighurs.