“碎片化”社会的政治整合——马来西亚的政治文化探析

Political Integration in“Fragmented”Society:An Analysis on Malaysian Political Culture

复杂多元、碎片化的政治亚文化使马来西亚的各种族、各政党、各团体之间存在着紧张关系,削弱了政治整合的效能,而自由民主制度的竞争性特征更加剧了这一趋势。然而,由于各种族、各阶层的政治文化存在着相近的或共融的内容,比如权威主义心理取向和集体主义价值观等,再加上政治运作过程中逐渐磨合出的政治妥协、合作和理性等精神,既构成了马来西亚主流政治文化的内在机理,也为马来西亚的政治整合提供了有效的政治文化资源。这种政治文化奠定了马来西亚软权威主义政治的重要基石,从而成为后发国家政治发展中的一道独特的政治景观。

Diversified, pluralistic and fragmented political subcultures tensed the relationships among various ethnic groups and political parties in Malaysia, weakened the effectiveness of political integration. Moreover, this trends seems to be exacerbated by the development of the competitive democracy. However, there are inherent essentials which are close to each other or melting together among political cultures among different ethnicities and classes, including the authoritative psychological orientation and collectivist values. In addition, spirits of cooperation and rationalism gradually grow in the course of political operation. All these elements not only form the mechanisms of the mainstream of Malaysian political culture, but also provide effective political cultural resources for the political integration. This political culture becomes the base for the soft authoritarian politics in Malaysia.