儿童被动吸烟现状及宣传教育效果评价

Investigation on present situation of children's exposure to passive smoking and evaluation on health propagation

目的了解目前儿童被动吸烟的状况及评价有关宣教措施的效果。方法随机选取791名9～11岁学生，对其家庭成员吸烟情况及其对儿童健康的影响进行问卷调查，并选择其中的312名学生的家庭成员进行相关卫生知识的宣传教育干预。并评价卫生宣传教育的效果。结果（1）儿童被动吸烟率为46．5％，主要来自父亲，比例高达76．63％。（2）在最近的一个学期内。被动吸烟组的支气管炎和上呼吸道感染的发病率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。2组儿童的肺炎和哮喘的发病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组儿童的身高和体重差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（3）对312个家庭进行被动吸烟对儿童健康危害的健康知识宣传后，被动吸烟率下降了5．1％，有68．4％的人表示愿意为了孩子的健康戒烟，但还有11．3％的人不愿意戒烟。干预前后吸烟者的吸烟量没有明显的改变。结论目前儿童被动吸烟状况不容乐观，针对儿童健康的卫生宣传教育可起到一定的控烟效果。

Objective To know the present situation of the children＇s exposure to passive smoking and the effect of the relative health propagation. Methods The smoking state of children＇s family members and its effects on 791 chidren aged 10 - 11 years were investigated with questionnaire, among whom 312 children＇s family members were chosen randomly to take the relative health propagation, and the effect of the propagation was evaluated. Results （1）The rate of chidren＇ s exposure to passive smoking was 46.5%, which mainly came from lathers＇smoking, up to 76.63%. （2）In the latest term, the incidence of bronchitis and the infection on the upper air tube of the children exposed to passive smoking were significandy higher than those of the control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）, while there were no significant difference between the incidence of pneumonia and asthma of the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. And there were no significant difference between the statue and the weight of the two groups （ P 〉 0.05）. （3） After the health propagation of the adverse effects of passive smoking, the rate of passive smoking reduced by 5.1%, and 68.4 % smokers would like to give up smoking for the children＇ s health, while 11.3 % smokers would not. The smoking quantities had no significant changes. Conclusion The present situation of the childrean＇ s exposure to passive smoking is still serious, and to some extent, the health propagation about the children＇ s health is useful to the smoking control.