生物质发酵生产乙醇的研究进展

Research Progress in Ethanol Production by Biomass Fermentation

生物质是一种广泛存在的可再生资源,经发酵生产乙醇所用的天然生物质资源原料主要分为3类:糖、淀粉和纤维素物质。木质纤维原料发酵生产乙醇,要先对原料进行热机械法、自动水解法、酸处理法、碱处理法、有机溶剂处理法、生物法等预处理;发酵工艺方式有直接发酵法、间接发酵法、混合菌种发酵、同步糖化发酵法(SSF法)、非等温同步糖化发酵法和固定化细胞发酵法(NSSF法)。用木糖发酵生产乙醇的微生物有管囊酵母(Pachysolen tannophilus)、树干毕赤酵母(Pichia stipits)和休哈塔假丝酵母(Candida shechatae)等。对利用生物质资源生产乙醇还应在纤维素酶、混合糖的发酵及生产工艺上进行深度的研究。(孙悟)

Biomass is a widely-existed renewable resource. The natural biomass used to produce ethanol by fermenation is mainly divided into three types： sugar, amylum and cellulosic materials. Lignocellulose to produce ethanol must undergo pretreatment including heat mechanical processing, automatic hydrolysis, acid processing, alkali processing, organic solvent processing and biologic processing, and the fermentation modes include direct fermentation, indirect fermentation, mixed bacteria species fermentation, SSF, and NSSF. The microbes which produce ethanol by xylose fermentation include pachysolen tannophilus, pichia stipits and candida shechatae etc. Besides, further research on cellulase fermentation and mixed sugar fermentation is necessary for better use ofbimass to produce ethanol.