湿地水文生态学模型的理论与方法

Hydroecological modeling of wetlands:Theories and methods

定量模拟生态模式与水文机制间的关系是当前生态学、水文学和湿地科学的一个热点研究领域。本文介绍了湿地水文生态学的概念、多学科理论体系以及跨学科特征,概括了湿地水文生态模型构建原理与方法,及国内外研究进展和特点。分析了湿地水文生态模型存在的尺度冲突、模型变量选择与模型不确定性,缺少有效校验方法等主要问题。指出湿地水文生态模型未来发展中与新兴交叉学科和地学信息技术耦合的特征由当前数学模型为主逐步过渡到物理模型的趋势。本文还以内陆平原淡水湿地为例,构建了以生境湿度特征为核心的湿地水文生态概念模型,同时设计了一个在集水区尺度上基于RS和GIS方法的湿地水文生态模型范式,以便于增加对此类模型的理解和认识。

Quantitatively modeling the relationships between ecological patterns and hydrological mechanisms is a key research field for ecologists, hydrologists, and wetland investigators. This paper introduced the conception, principles, and multidisciplinary characteristics of hydroecology, summarized the research progress in hydroecological modeling of wetlands, and discussed the problems existed in present hydroecological modeling, such as scale confliction, lack of efficient validation methods, and indetermination of variables due to model uncertainty. It was indicated that because of its interdisciplinary feature, hydroecological modeling would more coupled with updated geo-seientific techniques, and the present mathematic hydroecological models would be replaced by those with more physical principles. A conceptional hydroecological model of inland floodplain wetlands based on habitat wetness was presented, and an outline of catchment scalehydroecological model supported by RS and GIS methods was designed.