不同粮食和牧草前作对水稻生长、产量和品质的影响

The effects of different grain and forage crops on the growth,yield and quality of rice

为了探讨长江流域农区冬季种植牧草和粮食作物对后作水稻Oryza sativa生产的影响,对种植多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum、黑麦Secale cereal和小麦Triticum eastivum的水田土壤理化性状以及水稻的生长发育、稻谷产量和稻米品质进行了研究。结果表明:冬季种植多花黑麦草和黑麦后土壤理化性状得到了改善,降低了土壤pH值,增加了土壤全氮含量和速效养分。种植小麦的土壤pH值降低,全氮含量增加,但速效养分增加较少或减少。相应地,多花黑麦草茬和黑麦茬水稻生长得到了明显的促进,单位面积有效穗数和产量显著高于小麦茬水稻,但对每穗粒数、千粒重和稻米品质的影响不大。可见,冬季种植牧草在生产大量青饲料的同时,还起到了改良土壤的作用,为提高农田生产力提供了有效途径。同时促进了农业种植业和畜牧业的有机结合,形成了包括土壤、粮食作物、牧草、家畜等多因子的生态农业系统。

Chemical and physical properties of soil, growth and development, yield and quality of rice in the field followed annual ryegrass, rye and wheat in agricultural zone in Yangtze River Basin were studied, in order to clarify the effects of different grain and forage crops on the subsequent rice production. The soil properties in ryegrass and rye field were improved, pH was lowered. Total N and available N, P, K were increased. PH was lowered and total N, available N, P were increased in wheat field, while available K was decreased. Thus, the growth of rice following ryegrass and rye was promoted. The panicles and yield of rice following rye and ryegrass were significantly higher than that following wheat. However, there were no significant differences on grains per panicle, grain weight and quality of rice. Therefore growing forages in the winter season could result in a soil improving effect, while providing a high yield of green forage, and will promote the combination with crop production and animal production, start a new ecological agricultural system which joins elements of soil, crop, forages and livestock together.