酸雨、水体酸化及其对水生生物的影响

Acid Rain,Water Acidification and the Effects on Aquatic Organisms

我国酸雨南重北轻，呈区域分布和硫酸型特征。川、黔、湘、赣、桂和粤等省、区的局部地带酸雨ｐＨ低于４．５，接近国外重酸雨水平。重庆市郊（缙云山、南山）已发现酸化水体和酸敏感水体。酸化对各营养级水生生物的生长繁殖、生物多样性和水体生产力造成危害，破坏水体的生态平衡。如果燃煤的脱硫防尘等环保措施不力，我国酸雨与水体酸化的发展趋势十分严峻。

The acid rain in China is characterized by regional distribution and sulfuric acid type.It mainly occurred in the south area of the Changjiang River.An annual mean pH value of rainfall in a few regions is the same level(<4.5) of heavy acid rain in some countries of North America and Northwest Europe.Several acidified and acid sensitive waters have been found in the outskirt of Chongqing City.The growth and reproduction of the hydrobios in different trophic level were affected notably.The productivity of water body and the biological diversity as well as the balance of aquatic ecosystem were damaged heavily by water acidification.China is among the world's big coal consumption countries,acid rain is closely correlated to the fuel coal.If the discharge of sulphide and dust would not be controlled,a severe tendency of water acidification would be far from good in China.