中山市熟肉制品卫生状况的调查及对策研究

Survey of hygienic condition of cooked meat products in Zhongshan City and measures

目的了解中山市熟肉制品的卫生状况,为进一步加强卫生监督管理提供科学依据和可行性对策。方法对市售熟肉制品店铺进行全面的卫生学调查、摸底,随机抽样检验,并进行分析评价。结果调查熟肉制品店铺569间(城区200间、乡镇369间),取得有效卫生许可证488间,合格率85．8％；从业人员609人,取得有效健康合格证502人,合格率82．4％；防蝇防鼠防尘设施合格率88．8％；有洗手盘合格率75．3％；有紫外线灯消毒合格率38．1％；穿戴工作衣帽合格率41．5％；专人收钱合格率53．9％；有空调合格率44．6％；有风扇合格率78．1％；有固定容器贮存合格率95．0％。共抽检熟肉制品320份(城区160份、乡镇160份,分四季),合格130份,合格率为40．6％。检出致病菌和条件致病菌共33份,检出率是10．3％。结论市售熟肉制品店铺内卫生状况不容乐观,硬件设施不足也不规范,监督管理力度不够。不同种类熟肉制品微生物指标的合格率顺序为：致病菌＞条件致病菌＞细菌总数＞大肠菌群。主要不合格指标是大肠菌群,同时存在细菌总数超标、检出致病菌和条件致病菌。

Objective To survey the hygienic status of cooked meat products for sale in Zhongshan City and provide scientific basis and feasible countermeasure for hygienic monitoring and management. Methods Samples of ooked meat products were randomly collected from shops, tested and analyzed. Results Totally 569 cooked meat products selling shops （200 from urban area and 369 from rural area） were surveyed and 488 of them had valid permit, with qualified rate of 85.8%. 609 employees Were surveyed and 502 were with valid health certificates （82.4%）. Fly - proof and dust- proof facilities were installed in 502 shops （88. 8 % ）. The qualification rate of 426 dish - washing rooms was 75.3 %. 215 shops were sterilized with ultraviolet light （38.1% ）. The qualification rate of 235 working clothing rooms was 41.5 %. The qualification rate of 234 air - conditioned rooms was 44.6 %. The qualification rate of 534 fixed containers storing rooms was 95.0%. A total of 320 samples cooked meat products （160 from urban area, 160 from rural areas in four seasons） were randomly checked and 130 was qualified （40.6%）. Pathogenic microorganisms were detected in a 33 samples with a positive rate of 10.3% . Conclusion There are hygienic problems in shops selling cooked meat products . Thus effective measures including improving facilities, strengthening monitoring and hygienic management and sterilization, etc. be taken so as to prevent the occurrence of food poisoning.