论施密特的“马克思的自然观”

On Schmidt's "Marx's Concept of Nature"

施密特(Alfred Schmidt,1931—)是法兰克福学派的一位后期代表人物,对他的“马克思的自然观”国内外研究者意见颇多分歧,因此,有必要对他的这一理论进行深入的研究,并予以准确的文化定位。这一研究不仅对施密特来讲是必要的,而且对于准确理解马克思主义也是十分必要的。施密特在讨论马克思的“人化自然”的基础上,将马克思的自然观视为是实践论的,而恩格斯的本体论的自然观,列宁的反映论的认识论,都与马克思的自然观有歧异,并存在一定不足。事实上,马克思的自然观与恩格斯、列宁的自然观并不存在分歧,只不过他们在不同时期、不同研究领域,强调的侧重点不同罢了。这极易产生误解,而施密特的失足就正好在这里。尽管如此,施密特在自然观上客观地论述、充分地强调马克思的实践论思想,仍然具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Alfred Schmidt is a major scholar of Frankfurt School, his study of ＂Marx＇s concept of nature＂ has aroused some disputes among researchers at home and abroad. Thus, it is necessary to study this theory further. Schmidt believed that Marx＇s concept of nature was practical theory, and there were some disputes between Marx＇s concept of nature and Engle＇s and Leni＇s concept of nature. In fact, there did not exist disputes between them. They only had different focuses on the different research fields during different times. However, Schmidt＇s study of Marx＇s practical theory still has practical and theoretical significance.