纳米NaH高化学反应活性

Studies on the High Chemical Reactivity of Nano-NaH

通过4个典型反应:(1)氯苯氢解、(2)肉桂醛选择还原、(3)二甲亚砜金属取代反应、(4)烯烃催化加氢,比较了用纳米NaH与商品NaH时各反应初始反应速率的差别,进而研究纳米NaH的高化学反应活性。实验表明,在(1)、(2)、(3)3个化学计量反应中,用纳米NaH做还原剂比用商品NaH时化学反应初始速率分别提高230、120、110倍;在烯烃催化加氢反应中,纳米NaH与Cp,TiCl2组成的催化剂有极高的催化活性,而商品:NaH与Cp2TiCl2组成的催化剂无催化活性。当NaH颗粒尺寸减小到纳米数量级时,表面分子所占的比率剧增,大量的表面分子和表面缺陷导致表面能增大,这可能是它作为催化剂一个组分时具有高催化活性的关键因素。大的比表面积和高的表面能是决定纳米NaH高反应活性的2个主要因素,至于哪个因素占主导地位,则取决于不同的反应类型。

A comparison between the initial reaction rates of nano- and commercial Nail has been studied in four test reactions： （ 1 ） hydrogenolysis of chlorobenzene; （2） selective reduction of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol; （3） metallation of dimethyl sulfoxide ; （ 4 ） catalytic hydrogenation of 1-oetene. The experimental results indicate that when NaH is used as a chemical reagent in the first three reactions, the initial reaction rates of nano-NaH is 230, 120 and 110 times higher than those of the commercial ones respectively, and it is in agreement with the difference in specific surface areas between these two forms of Nail. When Nail is used as a catalyst component together with Cp2TiCl2 in the fourth reaction, catalyst with nano-NaH gives extremely high activity in the hydrogenation of 1-oetene, while the one with commercial Nail gives no activity at all even if a large amount of the commercial Nail is used to make the total surface area equivalent to that of nano-NaH. Thus, it is evident that although large specific surface area is important for nano-NaH to be used as a catalyst component, high surface energy with surface defects seems to be more important. The large specific surface and the activated surface of nano-NaH with high surface energy should be the main factors for their extremely high chemical reactivity, while whether the former or the latter one plays a leading role depends on the type of reactions it is involved.