杜鹃属植物种子育苗研究

A Study on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rhododendrons

采用不同基质、播种时间进行杜鹃属植物种子育苗试验。结果表明:①种子萌发和幼苗生长最适温度为16～20℃,庐山地区播种以5月上旬最佳;材料较多的5个亚属供试种发芽速度以羊踯躅亚属最快,常绿杜鹃亚属、映山红亚属、杜鹃亚属居中,马银花亚属最慢。②“腐殖土+苔藓”基质成苗率及幼苗生长表现优于“腐殖土”。③与庐山地理位置越近、气候差异越小,育苗越易成功,原产长江中下游、中低海拔的种表现极佳。④不同系统位置的物种育苗效果依次为映山红亚属>马银花亚属>羊踯躅亚属>常绿杜鹃亚属>杜鹃亚属。⑤播种及幼苗期的管理是育苗成败的关键。

Experiments on raising Rhododendron seedlings using different media and at different times were carried out with the following results. 1. The optimal range of temperature for seed germination and seedling growth was 16 -20℃ and the seeds were best sown in early May in Mt. Lushan. Among the five subgenera of which we had ample materials for testing, Rhododendron subgen. Pentanthera had the highest speed of seed germination, subgen. Azaleastrum had the lowest speed of seed germination, while subgen. Hymenanthes, subgen. Tsutsusi and subgen. Rhododendron had the speed of seed germination in between. 2. Humic soil plus moss was an ideal sowing medium that resulted in a higher rate of survival and better growth of the seedlings than the medium of humic soil only. 3. Species distributed in places closer to Mt. Lushan and having less climatic differences were easier to propagate by seed, and the taxa from the middle and lower altitudes in the middle and lower reaches of the Changiiang River performed very well. 4. The five subgenera Tsutsusi, Azaleastrum, Pentanthera, Hymenanthes and Rhododendron, in that order, had increasingly lower effects in propagation. 5. The management during seed sowing and seedling growth was critical to success of propagation.