人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位的治疗

TREATMENTS OF DISLOCATION AFTER TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位的治疗方法。方法1997年7月～2004年10月，共收治人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位23例，男9例，女14例；年龄53～79岁。行CT及X线片检查，了解假体松动情况及假体位置，并分析脱位原因。无假体松动者，麻醉下手法复位、行稳定性试验。手法复位成功且稳定者，胫骨结节牵引4～6周。手法复位失败或不稳定者，原入路切开，根据术前及术中情况，调整offset值及部分假体组件。稳定者，关节囊修补，胫骨结节牵引4～6周。仍不稳定或松动者采用翻修手术。结果23例患者，1例松动者采用全髋关节翻修；10例手法复位治疗成功；12例手法复位后不稳定或失败患者中，5例行切开复位关节囊修补，2例采用加长股骨头增加offset值，2例改用防脱位髋臼内衬，1例采用加长股骨头并调整异常髋臼内衬位置，2例仍不稳定者采用全髋关节翻修。患者均获随访1～5年，平均1．9年。均未出现再脱位。术后1年Harris评分72～94分，平均87分。结论人工全髋关节置换术后假体脱位，应根据脱位原因和术中稳定情况选择不同的治疗方法。

Objective To explore the treatment of dislocation after total hip replacement. Methods From July 1997 to October 2004, 23 cases of dislocation after total hip replacement were treated,including 9 males and 14 females and aging 53-79 years. The CT and serial X-ray films were taken to observe the position of prostheses. The strength of their hip abductor was also tested. In the patients without loosening, closed reduction was attempted at first. The stability of hip was tested. If closed reduction failed, the offset or/and parts of the components was adjusted, then the capsular was repaired. If instability still existed, revision was adopted. Results In 23 cases of dislocation, 10 cases were treated successfully by closed reduction. In 12 patients who failed reduction, 5 were given open reduction combined with capsular repairing; the offset was adjusted by lengthening femoral head in 2 cases; rim liners were elevated in 2 cases; and larger offset was used and abnormal liner was adjusted in 1 case. Revision was used in 1 case having loosening and 2 cases having instability. All patients were followed up 1 year to 5 years （1.9 years on average）. The Harris scoring was 72-94 （87 on average）. Conclusion The treatment of dislocation after total hip replacement should use different ways according to the causes of dislocation and the stability of hip.