表达自由和人格权的冲突与调和——从基本权利限制理论角度观察

The Conflict and Congruity between Freedom of Expression and Personal Right

在基本权利体系中,人格权是一种旨在保护个人自由的基本权利,表达自由则是一种旨在促进公共参与以及促进公共利益和公共道德的基本权利。在特定情形下,表达自由与人格权所包涵的两种价值追求呈现出一种相互竞争的态势,人格权的实现会对表意人构成限制,而表达自由如果与基本权利之外所谓“公共福祉”之类的法律理由相结合,便会对人格权构成限制。作为当事人的冲突双方尽可通过论证的方式,来为规范性或者评价性陈述提供合理基础,支持自己的权利主张。裁判者则不能任意地限制一项权利,无论如何,冲突需要被衡量。

In the system of fundamental rights, personal right purports to protect the right of individual freedom while freedom of expression purports to facilitate public participation and intensify public morality. In particular settings, the value pursuit of expression freedom competes with the value pursuit of personal right. The realization of personal right will limit freedom of expression. The freedom of expression will limit personal right if it is combined with legal reasons such as public interest. For defending their own priosition, the competing parties can sustain their normative or critical proposition by appealing to legal argumentation. In all the events, conflicts should be balanced, judge cannot arbitrarily limit one of them.