必要共同诉讼的理论误区与制度重构

Theoretical Misunderstanding and Institutional Reshaping of Necessary Joint Action

我国现有的必要共同诉讼实质上是按大陆法系的固有必要共同诉讼理论设置的,它要求诉讼标的同一、共同诉讼人必须一同起诉或应诉,当事人方为适格。这种单一的必要共同诉讼形式,不仅影响到当事人诉权的行使和增加诉讼的成本,而且造成了我国必要共同诉讼的立法与司法、理论与实践的严重脱节。为了满足司法实践对必要共同诉讼形式多样化的要求,尽可能使纠纷得到一次性解决,我国民事诉讼法应当在原有固有必要共同诉讼的基础上,增设类似必要共同诉讼和因牵连关系而形成的必要共同诉讼两种形式。

The current necessary joint action system in the Civil Procedure Law of China is virtually based on the inherent necessary joint action system of Civil Law System, which requests the same object of action and individual members of the joint party prosecuting or defending at the same time. Because of the only type of necessary joint action in China, parties＇ right of action is blocked and the cost of action is increased. Then, it results in the gap between legislation and judicature, theory and practice. In order to adapt the legal practice and settle the disputes in one proceeding, the Civil Procedure Law should diversify the necessary joint action system. Besides the current necessary joint action system, two more systems, namely, analogical necessary joint action system and correlative necessary joint action system are proposed to be established.