WTO争端解决中的司法克制及其对我国的启示

Judicial Restraint in WTO Dispute Settlement

源于GATT四十多年争端解决实践中的“司法克制”思想,在WTO时代也得以“衣钵继承”并呈现出新的特色。作为GATT/WTO争端解决机制从“外交取向”向“司法取向”演化不可或缺的“重要缓冲”和“润滑剂”,它不仅贯穿着GATT/WTO争端解决机制“司法取向”的全过程,而且两者的“博弈共存”对国际贸易争端解决方式不断“机制化”从不同侧面发挥着各自的作用。可以预见,即便WTO争端解决机制演化成国际贸易法院,基于国家主权价值和多边贸易体制的特殊性等原因,“司法克制”思想也绝不会“销声匿迹”。我国作为WTO的成员,应从“司法克制”的历史轨迹与现实运作中获得理性启示,籍以善用WTO争端解决机制,为我国的对外贸易保驾护航。

The judicial restraint originated from GATr dispute settlement has been preserved and obtains a new characteristic in WTO. As the important ＂cushion＂ and ＂lubricating oil＂ of GATT Dispute Settlement Mechanism （GWSM） and WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism （WDSM） evolved from power orientation to rule orientation, judicial restraint exists in all stages of GWSM/WDSM of rule orientation, and plays the role gamed with judicial orientation in the way to solve disputes systematically. It is predicted that judicial restraint will never die way, even if WDSM would be changed into an international trade court, for the reason of the country sovereign worth, particularity of multilateral trade system etc. As a member of WTO, China should gain an illumination in the field to perform WDSM perfectly, so as to serve its foreign trade.