秋水仙碱诱导银杏花粉染色体加倍的研究

Pollen chromosome doubling of Ginkgo biloba induced by colchicine.

该试验以北京地区银杏雄花芽为材料,探索利用不同浓度的秋水仙碱人工诱导花粉染色体加倍的方法和可能性.用浓度为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%的秋水仙碱溶液,分别对水培和自然非离体条件下诱导雄配子染色体加倍的方法进行了探索,比较了两种情况下不同处理浓度和处理方法诱导效果的差异.结果表明自然非离体状态下棉浸法处理得到了大花粉,但得率较低,最高为7%,若进一步加大药液处理浓度或适当延长处理时间,将有可能较大幅度提高大花粉得率;水培条件下的棉浸法和注射法处理均未得到大花粉,其原因和适宜的诱导方法还有待进一步探索.以正常花粉作对照,用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(简称LSCM)对经秋水仙碱处理诱导出的大花粉进行了DNA含量的定量测定,初步确认该试验诱导的大花粉是一种二倍体花粉.

Based on the successful polyploidy breeding experience of other plants, this paper tried to find some means and ways, by using the male flower buds of Ginkgo biloba growing in Beijing, to induce doubling pollen chromosome with various concentrations of colchicines in different treatments. With 0.1%, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, 0.4 %, 0.5 % and 0.6 % colchicines, doubling pollen chromosome on both flower branches cultured in water and trees growing naturally were tried respectively and the differences of inducing effects under two conditions were analyzed. The results indicated that the large size pollen was obtained from the buds treated by colchicine in the soaked cotton on trees, but the obtaining percentages were relatively low with the highest one 7 %. It is estimated that there will be a corresponding increase of large size pollen by increasing the concentration of colchicine and prolonging treatment time. Whereas, the large size pollen was not found by treating flower branch cultured in water, the reasons and optimal ways were still being probed. The DNA relative content of large unreduced pollen grains induced by colchicine was determined quantitatively with laser scanning confocal microscopy （ISCM） using the normal-sized pollen grains as control. The results suggest that the large unreduced pollen grains are diploid.