油茶育种研究进展

Literature Review of Genetic Improvement in Oiltea

自20世纪中叶开展油茶良种选育工作以来,我国先后选育出优良农家品种、优良家系、优良无性系和优良杂交组合等油茶良种200多个,结合油茶更新与低产林改造,推广应用良种,使油茶单位面积产量得到大幅度增长。通过分析我国当前的良种选育现状和趋势,提出油茶育种以常规育种为基础,进一步开展诱变育种和生物技术育种等多方面育种研究,凭借丰富的种质资源,开展更高层次的分子育种的建议。并对当前育种研究中存在的问题和今后的发展趋势进行了探讨。

Since national-level selective breeding projects were sponsored in the 1970s, over 200 fine cultivars, families, clones, and cross combinations have been elected. It made yield per unite area of oiltea increased markedly that these fine genetics were applied, by means of stand regeneration or low-yield forest improvement. Based on analysis on status and trends of genetic improvement in oiltea, some suggestions were brought forward which new technology breeding in oiltea should be researched, for example, mutation breeding and biotechnology breeding, based on conventional breeding, and advanced molecular breeding technology should be applied, with rich oiltea germplasm resources. Besides, some problems in the research on genetic improvement and development trends were discussed.