人心果品种资源表型遗传多样性研究

Study on the Genetic Diversity of Sapodilla Cultivars by Morphological Traits

根据20个形态特征对25个人心果品种（类型）资源进行聚类分析和主成份分析，研究其表型遗传多样性，并初步进行品种分类．结果表明；人心果品种资潦遗传变异丰富，平均变异系数达到了25．6％，品种间遗传距离在1.11～10.94之间；系统聚类结果与品种地理来源有明显的联系．来自美国的13个品种大致聚为3类，国内的12个品种（类型）聚为2类；叶片形状、果实形状与大小、花器特征和嫩梢（叶）有光褐毛等性状反映了64．82％的表型信息．综合考虑这些性状信息，可以区分大部分人心果品种.

Sapodilla is an elite tropical and subtropical fruit tree with versatile uses. Based on its 20 morphological traits, a study was conducted of the genetic diversity of Sapodilla cultivars by systemic clustering and principal components analysis. The results show that the genetic diversity of 25 cultivars was abundant; that the coefficient of variation changed from 5. 0% to 54.6%, its average reaching 25. 6% and that the genetic relationship was correlated to its geographical origin. UPGMA cluster analysis divided the American cultivars into 3 groups and the Chinese cultivars into 2 groups. The results of principal components analysis show that the shape of leaf and fruit, flower traits and the reddish floss in twig （leaf） were the main factors in Sapodilla classification, which can be used to distinguish 64.82% of Sapodilla species.