Graves’病患者^(131)Ⅰ治疗后对其周围人群辐射当量剂量的评估

Evaluation of the dose equivalent from patients with Graves'disease after 131~I therapy

目的通过对用^(131)I治疗Graves’病后患者当量剂量值的计算,评价该患者对周围人群可能产生的辐射危害。方法对^(131)I治疗的Graves’病患者进行实际测量和随访,完成每日的实际测量及接触周围人群情况,获取甲状腺摄^(131)I百分数、^(131)I投入的总剂量、周围人群与患者限制情况、实际测量当量剂量率及周围人群确切接触时间等参数,将实际测量累积法测得的当量剂量值与公式法计算结果比较。结果经^(131)I治疗后,所有Graves’病患者对周围人群的当量剂量值均在正常范围内,实际测量累积法较单一公式法高(t=3.953,P＜0．001)；周围成人与患者接触时间≤6 d时,实际测量累积法较高(t=3．894,P＜0．001)；而对与患者接触时间＞6 d 的周围成人和限制条件下的周围儿童,实际测量累积法与公式法无明显差异(t_1=0．910,t_2=1．705,P＞0．05)。结论^(131)I治疗Graves’病患者对周围人群是安全的,实际测量累积法计算的当量剂量值更实际。

Objective By calculating the dose equivalent to patients with Graves＇ disease by ^131Ⅰ therapy, to evaluate the radiation safety of the individuals around the patients. Methods All patients had heed achieved the practical measure and follow-up, there attained the percentage of thyroid ^131Ⅰ uptake, the ^131Ⅰ dose, the duration of constrained social activity, and practical measure the effective dose equivalent rate and contact exact time with others, and compared the exposure dose to the individuals with the simplistic formula and practical measure accumulating dose calculating methods. Results For all patients with Graves＇ disease, the exposure doses to the individuals were not likely to exceed normal, Practical measure accumulating doses is higher than the simplistic formula calculating ones （t=3.953, P〈0.001）. When the adults＇ contact restricted time with the patients not exceed 6 days, practical measure accumulating calculating doses is higher （t=3.894, P〈0.001）, but exceed 6 days and enfant （commonly restricted）, there were no difference between the simplistic formula calculating doses and practical measure accumulating calculating ones （t1=0.910, t2=1.705, respectively P〉0.05）. Conclusions All patients with ^131Ⅰ therapy were safety to the individuals surrounding to the patients, practical measure accumulating doses is better and more practical.