宋代伪造官文书犯罪透析

The Analysis on the Crime of Falsifying the Files in Song Dynasty

文书档案制度在宋代有了很大的发展,一方面,宋政府对文书档案比历代控制的更为严格,无论是赋税文书档案还是刑狱文书档案都要求由县、州、路逐级上报到中央相关部门,各级机关文书档案除原件都要求架阁保管外,还置册抄录;另一方面,宋代还开创了架阁库制度,并在中央到地方普遍实施。但随之而来的却是伪造官文书案件的大量发生,主要体现在伪造印信犯罪,伪造度牒犯罪,伪造官员身份的犯罪等方面,宋政府为了遏制这类犯罪的发生,采取了许多措施,诸如提高了这类犯罪的成本,加大惩治力度等,但收效甚微。

The file system was progressed in Song dynasty. On the one hand, the government controlled the files more strictly than the previous dynasty, the files must be traced in different levels of government, and the original must be kept in the original government. On the other hand, there was database building to take care of the file in the all levels of government in Song dynasty. But there were a great deal of criminal forms to counterfeit the file, for example, the crime to falsify the official seal, monk＇ s certificate, and the officials＇ certificate. To suppress this crime, the government of the Song dynasty adopted many measures. Not only they increased the criminal cost but also enlarged the punishment strength.