循环抗阻训练干预12周后中老年绝经后妇女体质指标及血糖和血脂的变化

Changes of physical indexes,blood glucose and fat in middle-aged and elder post-menopausal women after 12 weeks circular resistance training

目的:观察循环抗阻训练对绝经后妇女体质的影响。方法:调查于2005-03/12在邵阳学院运动康复中心进行。年龄50～65岁,自然绝经1年以上的绝经后妇女。未经激素替代治疗,身体基本健康,不吸烟,无心脑血管疾病、糖尿病,所有受试者试验前进行常规体检及辅助检查,未见异常。血总胆固醇在6.50mmol/L以下,三酰甘油在2.50mmol/L以下,体脂率在35%以下。所有受试者保持平时的饮食习惯及一般的体力活动。不重复随机数法分为抗阻训练组和对照组两组,每组12人。两组实验前的各指标比较无明显差异。抗阻训练组应用器械和在训练机上进行躯干及上下肢大肌群的练习。每次运动包括3个循环,每1循环包括12节运动,每节运动包括在30～45s内做8次收缩,各节运动间休息15～30s,每个循环间休息2min。训练强度:为1次收缩最大负荷的80%。每周二、四、六训练,3次/周。每4周测1次最大收缩力,以监测训练进程和确定新的运动负荷。实验期间严格进行医务监督并遵循循序渐进原则。12周的抗阻训练后测定身高、体质量、心率、血压、腰围、臀围、体脂率、最大吸氧量、血糖、血脂。结果:24名绝经后妇女均进入结果分析。①抗阻训练组训练后的腰围、臀围、体脂率、安静收缩压与训练前及对照组比较,均显著降低或减少[训练后:(74.4±5.5)cm,(92.0±5.0)cm,(25.7±3.4)%,(105.4±17.0)mmHg;训练前:(76.8±5.2)cm,(94.1±5.1)cm,(27.4±3.5)%,(112.7±14.0)mmHg;对照组:(76.1±4.6)cm,(93.0±5.2)cm,(27.1±3.7)%,(114.0±15.1)mmHg,P<0.01,P<0.05]。握力和背肌力较训练前及对照组明显增加[训练后:(27.9±2.5),(64.7±3.6)kg;训练前:(23.6±2.5),(61.6±4.2)kg;对照组:(23.9±1.6),(59.2±3.3)kg,P<0.01]。②抗阻训练组训练后三酰甘油较训练前及对照组下降[(1.42±0.13),(1.63±0.14),(1.63±0.19)mmol/L,P<0.01,P<0.05],低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较训练前降低[(3.14±0.44),(3.26±0.56),(3.10±0.47)mmol/L,P<0.05],高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较训练前及对照组显著升高[(1.44±0.24),(1.26±0.25),(1.23±0.23)mmol/L,P<0.01,P<0.05]。结论:循环抗阻训练可安全有效地改善绝经后妇女的体质,是预防和治疗冠心病的有效措施。

AIM： To observe the effect of circular resistance training on the physique of post-menopausal women. METHODS： The investigation was carded out in the Sport Rehabilitation Center of Shaoyang College from March to December 2005. Post-menopausal women for over 1 year aged 50-65 years ware selected, who did not received hormone replacement therapy, and ware healthy, not smoking without cardio-cerebrovascular disease or diabetes; no abnormality was found in the routine physical examination and auxiliary examination before investigation. Their blOod cholesterol was below 6.50 mmol/L, triglycende below 2,50 mmol/L and body fat rate below 35%. All the subjects kept their eating habits and physical activities, and ware randomly assigned into circular resistance training group and control group with 12 subjects in each group. No significant difference was found in each index before expenment. The resistance training group did the exercise on the instrument and training machine for the muscle group in trunk and upper and lower limbs. Each time sport involved 3 cycles, and each cycle contained 12 sections including 8 contractions in 30-45 seconds; the subjects could rest for 15-30 seconds between 2 sections, and 2 minutes between 2 cycles. The training intensity was 80% of the maximum load in each contraction. They exercised every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, three times per week. The maximum contraction was measured every 4 weeks to monitor the training process and determine new exercise load. The medial inspection was performed step by step dunng training. At the end of 12 weeks circular resistance training, the height and body mass, basic heart rate, blood pressure, waistline, hip circumference, fat rate, maximum oxygen capacity, and content of lipid and blood insulin ware measured. RESULTS： All 24 post-menopausal women ware involved in the result analysis. ①After resistance training, the waistline, hip circumference, fat rate and resting systolic blood pressure of the training group ware decreased significantly compared with those before training and the control group [（74.4±5.5） cm, （92.0±5.0） cm, （25.7±3.4）%, （105.4±17.0） mm Hg; before training： （76.8±5.2） cm, （94.1±5.1） cm, （27.4±3.5）%, （112.7±14,0） mm Hg; control group： （76.1±4.6） crn, （93.0±5.2） cm, （27.1±3.7）%, （114.0±15.1） mm Hg, P〈 0.01, P〈 0.05]; while the grasp strength and back strength ware markedly improved compared with those before training and the control group [after training： （27.9±2.5）, （64.7±3.6） kg; before training： （23.6± 2.5）, （61.6±4.2） kg; control group： （23.9±1.6）, （592±3.3） kg, P 〈 0.01]. ②After training, the triglyceride of the training group was decreased compared with that before training and control group [（1.42±0.13）, （1.63±0.14）, （1.63±0.19） mmol/L, P 〈 0.0.1, P〈 0.05]; low density lipoprotein cholesterol was decreased compared with that before training [（3.14±0.44）, （3.26± 0.56）, （3.10±0.47） mmol/L, P〈 0.05]; while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased compared with that before training and the control group [（1.44±0.24）, （1.26±0.25）, （1.23±0.23） mmol/L, P〈 0.01, P〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： Circular resistance training can improve the physique of post-menopausal woman and is an effective way to prevent and cure the coronary artery disease.