不同负荷的游泳训练及雌激素对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的影响

Effects of different load swimming exercises and estrogen injection on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

目的:观察不同负荷的游泳训练和雌激素,对去卵巢大鼠血中生化指标和骨矿盐及其密度的影响,从而为因雌性激素减少而发生骨质疏松症的患者进行运动康复提供理论依据。方法:实验于2005-09/11在徐州医学院实验动物中心实验室完成。选取3月龄清洁级雌性SD大鼠75只,按体质量分层随机分为假手术组、骨质疏松模型组、中等负荷运动组、大负荷运动组、雌激素干预组,每组15只。骨质疏松模型组、中等负荷运动组和大负荷运动组、雌激素干预组行去卵巢术,假手术组行假手术。中等负荷运动组术后1周后进行游泳训练,45min/次,6次/周,休息1d。大负荷运动组游泳条件与中等负荷运动组相同,120min/次;雌激素干预组给予17β-雌二醇20μg/(kg·d),皮下注射,2次/周。假手术组和骨质疏松模型组正常饲养。6周后,测血清中钙、磷、总碱性磷酸酶和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的变化,观测大鼠股骨远端骨松质骨矿盐含量、骨松质骨矿盐密度。结果:实验过程中各组大鼠均有死亡,死亡大鼠被剔除,共纳入结果分析66只。①6周后中等负荷的游泳运动训练和雌激素干预组大鼠与骨质疏松模型组大鼠相比,血清中钙、磷浓度及总碱性磷酸酶的活性均显著或非常显著升高(P<0.05～0.01),两组钙浓度和总碱性磷酸酶的活性分别上升8.4%,11.7%;20.1%,21.2%;骨股远端总的骨矿盐含量上升39%和33.4%,而大负荷的运动训练对钙和磷的效果不明显(P>0.05)。②4组的抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性均高于假手术组,其中骨质疏松模型组和大运动量组较假手术组显著升高(P<0.01);中等负荷的游泳运动训练和雌激素干预组血中的抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性相对于骨质疏松模型组下降31.8%和35.0%,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。③与骨质疏松模型组比较,中等负荷运动组和雌激素干预组大鼠骨松质骨矿盐含量升高明显(97.1%,88.6%,P<0.01);大负荷运动组的效果不明显。结论:中等负荷的游泳训练能像注射雌激素一样改善去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢状况,提高骨的形成,抑制骨的吸收,改善骨质疏松症状。

AIM： To study the effects of different load swimming exercise and estrogen on biochemical indicator, bone mineral content and its density of ovariectomized （OVX） rats, so as to provide theoretical evidence for osteoporosis patients who are caused by decrease of estrogen and want to recover through sports. METHODS： The experiment was performed at the Animal Center Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical College from September to November 2005. Totally 75 female SD rats aged 3months, of dean grade, were selected and randomly assigned into sham operation group, osteoporosis model group, moderate load exercise group, high load exercise group and estrogen intervention group with 15 in each group. Osteoporosis model group, moderate load exercise group, high load exercise group and estrogen intervention group received ovariectomy （OVX）, while sham operation group received sham operation. In the moderate load exercise group swimming exercise was conducted 1 week after operation, 45 minutes once, 6 times as a week, resting for 1 day. High load exercise group had the same swimming condition as that in the moderate load exercise group, 120 minutes once. The rats in the estrogen intervention group were given 20 μg/kg 17 β-estradiol, subcutaneous injection a day, twice a week. Sham operation group and osteoporosis model group received normal feeding. Six weeks later, changes of calcium, phosphonium, total alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in serum were measured. Bone mineral content and mineral density in cancellous bone were examined. PJESULTS： There were dead rats during the thai in each group. After rejecting the. deed rats, totally 66 rats were involved in the result analysis. ①The concentration of calcium and phosphonium and activity of.total alkaline phosphatase in serum were significantly or very significantly increased in the moderate load exercise group and estrogen intervention group compared with the osteoporosis model group 6 weeks later （P 〈 0.05-0.01 ）. The concentration of calcium and activity of total alkaline pheaphatase in the two groups increased by 8.4%, 11.7% ;20.1%,21.2%, respectively; the total bone mineral content of distal femur in the moderate load exercise group and estrogen intervention group increased by 39.1% and 33.4%, while the high load exercise did not have significant effect on calcium and phosphonium （P 〉 0.05）. ②Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphetase in the 4 groups was higher than that in the sham operation group, of which in the osteoporosis model group and high load exercise group increased compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the moderate load exercise group and estrogen intervention group decreased by 31.8% and 35.0% compared with the osteoporosis model group, and the difference was very significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. ③Compared with the osteoporosis model group, while the bone mineral content in cancellous bone in- creased obviously in the moderate load exercise group and estrogen intervention group （97.1%,88.6%, P 〈 0.01 ）. The effect in the high load exercise group was not distinct. CONCLUSION： Moderate load swimming exercise can improve the bone metabolism symptom in OVX rats as injection with estrogen, enhance bone formation, inhibit bone absorption and ameliorate osteoporosis symptom.