耐力素质相关基因的研究进展

Advanced researches on the related gene of endurance diathesis

目的:回顾与耐力素质相关基因的实验与临床研究结果,以阐明基因对人体耐力素质的影响并初步归纳其影响运动能力的途径。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据库1990-01/2005-12的相关文章,检索词“endurance,exercise,gene”,限定文章语言种类为English,同时计算机检索中国全文期刊数据库和维普中文期刊数据库2000-01/2005-12的相关文章,检索词“耐力,运动,基因”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取实验对象为运动人员的文献,然后筛除明显重复的实验的研究,对剩余的文献开始查找全文。以研究对象是否包括运动人员组和一般对照人员组作为纳入标准。资料提炼:共收集到42篇关于耐力素质等运动能力相关基因的试验研究。30篇符合纳入标准,排除12篇。资料综合:①人类运动能力的遗传遵循单基因和多基因遗传,以多基因遗传方式为主,其性状遗传具有3大特点:连续性、相关性和阶段性。②耐力素质是运动能力的重要组成部分,受到多基因控制,涉及到耐力素质的基因主要有血管紧张素转化酶、线粒体基因、肌肉组织特异性磷酸肌酸激酶、Na+-K+-ATPasea2基因、肾上腺素能A受体和组织相容性抗原基因等。③遗传因素主要通过以下两个方面对人体运动能力产生影响:一是通过遗传度,即与环境因素和生活方式无关的基因对人群的平均影响;二是基因与环境的相互作用。结论:耐力素质在很大程度上受到遗传因素的影响。杰出运动能力是一复杂的多因子性状,是由多个基因联合控制的。接下来的研究重点应集中在确定各种基因的具体作用及表现出的生理性状上,并且从多基因角度出发研究其对运动能力的影响。

OBJECTIVE： In order to clarify the effect of inheritance on human endurance diathesis, and study its pathway of influencing sports ability primarily, this paper reviews the experiments and clinical researches concerning the related gene to the diathesis of endurance. DATA SOURCES： Using the terms of ＂endurance, exercise, gene＂, we searched the MEDLINE database to identify studies published in English from January 1990 to December 2005, and searched the Chine Joumal Full-text Database and Weipu database from January 2000 to December 2005 with the same terms in Chinese. STUDY SIELECTION： After the primary screen, only the articles reporting the experiments included athlete group and normal control group were selected, and those experiments of obvious duplications were excluded. The rest articles were looked up for full-texts. DATA EXTRACTION： Forty-two articles relevant to the related genes of sports ability such as endurance diathesis were found from the database, and 30 articles met the inclusion criteria whereas other 21 articles were deleted. DATA SYNTHESIS： ①Tha inheritance of human sports abilities obey the rule of monohybdd inheritance and polygenic inheritance, predominated by polygenic inheritance. The characters of this inheritance are continuity, relativity and gradation. ②The diathesis of endurance is an important part of human sports abilities, and influenced by multigene, like angiotensin converting enzyme, mitochondrial DNA, MB isoenzyme of creatine kinese, Na^＋-K^＋-ATPasea2, adrenal A receptor and histocompatibility antigen.③ There are two aspects which inheritance influences human sports abilities： one is degree of heritability, namely that genes which have no relationship with environment and people＇s life style influence people; the other is that genes and environment influence each other. CONCLUSION： The human diathesis of endurance is influenced by inheritance greatly. The outstanding athletic capability is controlled by more than one gene. We should put our line of sight on confirming the idiographic function of these genes and the physiological character they express, and study the influence on the sports abilities from the way of polygene on the coming research.