参与型口腔健康教育对口腔卫生知信行的影响

Effects of participatory oral health education on oral health knowledge,behaviour and periodontal status

目的评价参与型口腔健康教育对牙周健康状况及相关知识、行为改善的影响。方法将北京市两个城区中8个社区或单位的300名15～64岁的志愿参加者分为实验组（参与组）和对照组（常规教育组）。参加者在基线、6个月和12个月时，接受牙周健康状况的检查和问卷调查。基线检查后，对所有参加者进行龈上洁治术。随后对实验组在专题小组访谈的基础上，进行小组讨论形式的参与型口腔健康教育，在6个月当中，提供在家使用的保健牙刷、牙间隙刷、牙膏和菌斑染色片。同时，提供专为口腔健康教育设计的阅读材料。对照组发给同样内容的健康教育阅读材料。最后比较两组间在牙周健康状况、口腔卫生知识和行为方面的改善情况。结果12个月后实验组牙石指数的均值明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），并有显著性差异。在口腔卫生知识和行为方面，实验组也在刷牙方法、选择保健牙刷、更换牙刷频率和使用牙间隙刷上比对照组提高了8．7％～31．3％。结论参与型口腔健康教育方法能明显改善牙周健康状况，能提高参与者的口腔卫生知识和行为。

Objective To evaluate the effect of participatory oral health education on oral health knowledge, behaviour and periodontal status. Methods Three hundreds volunteers aged 15-64; in 8 communities from 2 urban districts of Beijing underwent questionnaire survey about oral health and relevant behaviours, examination of periodontal health and prophylaxis, and then were randomly divided into 2 groups. Experimental group, receiving focus group interview, tooth brush, inter-dental brush, toothpaste, and plaque staining tablet, and oral health education materials, and control group, receiving oral health education materials to read only. Periodontal status, self-reported change of oral health knowledge and behaviours were compared between two groups. Results After 12 months, the mean calculus index （CI） of experimental group was 0.78, significantly lower than that of control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. With respect to oral health knowledge and behaviour, the experimental group also showed remarkable improvement in the brushing method, selection of high quality toothbrush, period of changing toothbrush and the use of inter-dental toothbrush than control group ranged from 8.7% to 31.3%. Conclusion The participatory oral health education programme was effective for the improvement of periodontal status, oral health knowledge and behaviours in Chinese population.