芳香烃地球化学特征及地质意义

Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Oil and Gas

综合论述了国内外芳香烃在烃源岩沉积环境、有机质来源、油气运移、热成熟度和油源对比等方面的应用进展。烷基萘和含硫芳烃的分布特征与有机质类型和沉积环境有关;荧蒽、苝、芘、苯并荧蒽和苯并芘等化合物标志着以高等植物为主的母源输入类型。甲基萘指数和甲基菲指数随热演化程度的增加而逐渐增大;二苯并噻吩异构体的相对分布可用于成熟度评价;稠环芳烃中m(荧蒽)/m(芘)、m(苝)/m[苯并(e)芘]和m(苯并荧蒽)/m[苯并(e)芘]比值是有机质演化程度的有效指标。杂环芳烃中的吡咯类化合物和二苯并噻吩具有显著的油气运移分馏效应,可以作为有效的油气运移与油藏充注方向的分子级示踪参数。沉积物中的芳香烃化合物组成非常复杂,故应提高仪器精度,加强对一些特殊芳香烃标志物的鉴定,并通过大量的实验和实际应用来进一步完善相应的地化指标。

This paper reviews the application and advances of aromatic hydrocarbon biomarker in petroleum exploration and development, such as depositional environment, input of organic matter, migration, oil source correlation and thermal maturity. The result indicates that alkylnaphthalene and aromatic sulfur compounds are indicative of depositional environment and type of organic matter. Fluoranthene, perylene, pyrene benzo-pyrene and benzopyrene have been proposed as the input of terrigenous higher plant. Methylnaphthalene ratio and Methylphenanthrene index increase with the thermal maturity. The relative distribution of dibenzothiophene is well used for maturity assessment. The ratios of perylene to benzofluoranthene and perylene to benzo （e） pyrene are an effective index of thermal maturity. It is determined that the contents and distribution of pyrrolic compounds and dibenzothiophene are controlled by oil fraction during migration, which has potential significance in evaluating the oil migration and reservoir filling direction. The component of aromatic hydrocarbon in sediment is very complicated, so that great efforts should be made to identify them with more advanced apparatus and improve some biomarker index by experiments and practices.