南非民主进程的顿挫与延续——略论博塔的改革总战略

On Pieter W.Botha's Total Strategy

博塔任南非政府首脑期间,面对索韦托暴动引起的政治、经济与社会动荡和国内外的新形势,提出和推行改革总战略:对不适应南非现代化建设和政治稳定的现存制度进行改革;坚决镇压反抗白人统治、破坏社会秩序的行为;全力营造一个有利于改革总战略的国际环境。其目的是维护白人统治和种族隔离制度。他的改革在沃斯特的种族政策调整与德克勒克的民主改革之间架起了一座桥梁,起到了承前启后的作用,将南非的改革进程带入一个新阶段,一定程度上改善了黑人的处境。但博塔的镇压造成国内局势紧张并迅速恶化,以至于到了几乎失控的程度,改革进程陷入停顿。

Facing the political, economic and social turmoil caused by the Soweto dots, Prime Minister （later President） Pietcr W. Botha proposed and implemented the Total Strategy： to substantially reform the system, including changing the apartheid system; to resolutely suppress the opposition to the apartheid regime, especially the ANC guerrilla attacks; to vigorously win him sympathy and support abroad and to stabilize the situation in neighbouring countries and areas, aiming at preserving the apartheid system and the white - role. His reform measures led Vorster＇ s adjustments of race policy to de Klerk＇ s ending of apartheid, forming an integrated part of the process of the democratic reform and improving the conditions for the black people. However, his suppression policy failed to curb the domestic violence and solve the economic problem, eventually he was increasingly losing support from the whites and non- whites and almost losing control of the situation of the country which resulted in the suspension of the democratic reform in South Africa.