明代至清中叶戏价问题初探

The Payment for Opera Performance from the Ming Dynasty to the Mid-Qing Dynasty

明清戏价是不断变化发展的,明初至明中叶的戏价多保持在每出一二两银子的水平,其中若有赏银也一般是在雇价外再额外赏予一二两银。但从明代后期开始,戏价出现两极分化的趋势,一方面是“上班”动辄十几两银的雇价和丰厚的赏银,一方面是普通戏班二三两银的戏价。而在清代,这种巨大的差距就不再明显,戏价随着社会经济的发展,由几两向十几两银慢慢提高。戏价的变化实际上影响着戏曲的发展,厘清这一问题无疑将对明清时期戏曲的发展状况有更清晰和深入的认识。

The payment for opera performance changed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It was about one or two taels of silver from the early to the middle period of the Ming Dynasty.However,in the late Ming Dynasty,the payment became diverse.In some places,it was over ten taels of silver.In the Qing Dynasty,it rose from two taels to over ten taels of silver with the development of society.The changes in payment exert influence on the development of Chinese opera.