中国南方的土地荒漠化问题

THE PROBLEM OF DESERTIFICATION IN SOUTH CHINA

荒漠化不仅包括中国北方地区风力作用下的沙质荒漠化，土壤次生盐渍化和水蚀荒漠化等，也包括中国南方由于人为活动导致环境向着类似荒漠景观的土地退化过程。初步研究目前南方土地荒漠化面积为１９．７６万ｋｍ２，按其成因，陡坡地过度开垦占４０％，森林过度采伐占３７％，不合理农林耕作制度占１８％，工矿开发、道路、城市建设不注意环境保护及工业污染占５％。

Desertification is one of the most serious global environmental problems.Based on the concept that desertification is a type of land degradation and on the reality of Chinas situation, desertification is a process of land degradation manifested itself by desert landscape and triggered by the interaction between irrational human activities and fragile ecosystems. Desertification in China exists not only in North China caused by wind action, but also in South China caused by water erosion. At present, the desertified areas in South China consist of 37% caused by destruction of forest, 40% by over reclaiming slopeland, 18% by overall reclamation for afforestation and agricultural activities and 5% by industrial mineral activities.