论中唐政治中“士的超越性”的危机和希望

On the Transcendence of Scholar-officials in Political Circles of the Mid-Tang Dynasty: Its Crisis and Hope

该文着重探讨中唐政治中“士的超越性”的危机与希望。认为“士”能否认定自己的文化优势是其保持“超越性”的关键。中唐的“士”陷入功利习气之中,从而给“士的超越性”带来了危机。始于初盛唐之际的所谓“文学与吏事之争”在中唐继续展开,其实质是“士”自发地捍卫自己的文化优势。以韩愈为代表的“新儒”用道德形而上学去建构和巩固“士”的文化优势,从而揭开了“士的新自觉”的序幕。

This paper tries to conduct a survey on scholar-officials in political circles of the Mid-Tang Dynasty.It focuses on the crisis and hope of the transcendence of scholar-officials.This paper affirms that the cognizance of their cultural superiority is the most important determinant for maintaining their transcendence.The scholar-officials in the Mid-Tang Dynasty were plunged into utilitarianism,which brought crisis to this transcendence.Meanwhile,the so-called 'conflict between literature and civil service' which appeared even before the heyday of the Tang Dynasty,continued to exist.Virtually,it was a kind of spontaneous action of scholar-officials to defend their cultural superiority.'New Confucians',mainly represented by Han Yu,made use of moral metaphysics to establish and consolidate their cultural superiority,thus lifting curtain on the 'new disenchantment of Scholar-official.'