中美关系正常化后东盟国家对华外交战略的调整

Readjustment of Foreign Policies of ASEAN to China after US-Chinese Détente in 1970s

20世纪70年代初,冷战以来形成的中美紧张关系出现缓和并走向正常化,使两极对立的冷战格局开始发生深刻的结构性变化。随着这一国际环境的改变,东盟国家过去采取的“亲美(西)反共(华)”的外交战略发生动摇。东盟国家开始重新制订对华政策,力图构建“新小国外交”的战略。文章以美国的盟国——泰国、英国的盟国——马来西亚和走“独立外交”道路的印度尼西亚为例,分析中美关系正常化对东盟国家所造成的冲击及其各自相应做出的对华外交战略的调整。

At the beginning of 1970s,the relation between China and the U.S.A began to change from hostility to détente,which rendered a profound change to the 'Cold War' structure of the international politics.At the same time,US-Chinese détente greatly influenced the Southeast Asian region.By the case study of three ASEAN countries——Thailand,Malaysia and Indonesia,this paper attempts to analyze and discuss how ASEAN countries dealt with the impact brought by the détente,and how they reconsidered and readjusted foreign policies on China.